In the United States the word "school" describes wherever you learn. The term can apply to the university, an institute for English, a program for students or high school graduates.
To refer to the college, university and the terms "college" are used interchangeably. Both refer to the academic programs that are started in the thirteenth year of study, when the student is 17 or 18 years of age and have completed high school or "High School".
U.S. academic year consists of 32-36 weeks. It usually begins in late August or early September and ends in early to late May. Most of the "colleges" and universities divide the academic year into two "semesters" or semesters, but so do four periods of 12 weeks each, called "quarters". Some other institutions have academic years divided into three "trimesters" (quarters) equal.
The American university system also has what is known as "summer session" (summer session). These courses usually have class time more concentrated, so a summer session may consist of three to eight weeks. Institutions that use the semester system, usually offer elective courses summer. The quarterly regime has no summer sessions because of the quarters just starts late that season, but in the universities system "quarters", is mandatory cursarlo because the summer session count as one of its periods.
In almost all "colleges" and universities are vacation 2-3 weeks, starting in mid-December. Some institutions also have a week off in March or April ("spring holiday").
The American system of university education is not based on national exams, but involves periodic evaluations of specific courses. Each course allows a certain number of credits. Typically, students take an average of four or five courses per semester. The number of courses may be lower in quarterly or quarterly systems.
The progress that a student makes to cover the curriculum requirements are measured in "course units" or "course credits", units or credits.
One hour of class per week (50 minutes) is considered one unit or credit. Two or three laboratory classes are as a class. The normal program for undergraduates is completed with 15 to 17 units / credits per semester or quarter. For graduate students is 9 to 12 units / credits.
The American college also include what is called "practical training", which refers to any instruction or supervision given to a student that is unfolding as an intern or trainee in an institution outside of "college" or university. The "practical training" includes clinical practice for students in the health area.
The faculty at most colleges and universities qualify students work with letters, according to the following scale:
• A = 10
• B = 9-8
• C = 7-6
• D = 5-4
• E = 3-2
A and B are considered good grades. Students who achieve an average C, may be placed on probation for one term (semester, trimester, or quarter). If at the end of the probationary period the student had not score recovered, could be excluded from the university and jeopardize its status nonimmigrant student visa. If students finish take an elective with a grade D, the university could give it as valid. If matter was mandatory, specific career, would be taken as deferral.
Some institutions use classification "I" (incomplete) to describe those objectives that were not completed. Overall it gives the student an additional amount of time (one month to one year) to complete all course requirements.
If a student fails and must repeat a course and affects the estimated time of completion of their studies, immigration authorities may deny your request for an extension.
Many colleges and universities make use of the (pass/fail). The student who successfully completes a course receives a grade of "pass", otherwise it receives a grade of "fail". Some institutions use this system for electives. There is also a system of "pass / no credit". Those who pass receive a "pass" who fail, do not receive credit for that course.
The average GPA is called a student ("Grade Point Average") or QPA ("Quality Point Average").
Colleges and universities make a constant effort to record each student's academic progress and in most institutions notes for classroom work are a very important part of the qualifications. Sports or extracurricular activities are also taken into account in the evaluation. Access to these records is classified and there are federal laws that protect student privacy.
Although universities with students from a single sex still exist, most colleges admit men and women alike. These colleges are known as "co-ed" (co-educational). The term "co-ed" refers to a female student currently studying at a college for either sex or co-educational. This type of language is not popular among women, especially among feminists.
It is also very common in U.S. universities with religious affiliations. Some, but not all, offer religious instruction with academic affairs. Religious groups in the United States, as Catholics, Jews and Muslims, sponsor their own university systems.
The best universities in the eastern United States, as Princeton, Yale and Harvard, are known as the "Ivy League" (Ivy League), in reference to the characteristics of ivy plants often grow on the outer walls of their ancient buildings . The term "Ivy League" also applies to graduates of such universities.
Universities
American universities, also called colleges, offer two levels of study in a wide range of subjects: pre-graduate and post it.
The titles awarded in the undergraduate level are:
Degree : Associate of Arts
Acronym : AA
Institution : Community colleges, Junior Colleges
Time : 2 years
Degree : Associate of Sciences
Acronym : AS
Institution : Community, technical, junior colleges
Time : 2 years
Degree : Bachelor of Arts
Acronym : BA
Institution : Colleges, universities
Time : 4 years
Degree : Bachelor of Science
Acronym : BS
Institution : Colleges, universities
Time : 4 years
At the graduate level of study offer advanced degrees such as Master and Doctorate (PhD).
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